Network architecture refers to the way network devices and services are structured to serve the connectivity needs of client devices.
Network architecture refers to how network
elements are organized in a system, and how tasks are allocated between and
across those elements. It is the complete physical and logical design of an
organization’s network infrastructure often represented as a map or schematic
diagram.
Types
of network architectures
The two types of network architectures are used:
- Peer-To-Peer network
- Client/Server network
I.
Peer-To-Peer network
- Peer-To-Peer network is a network in which all the computers are
linked together with equal privilege and responsibilities for processing
the data.
- Peer-To-Peer network is useful for small environments, usually up to
10 computers.
- Peer-To-Peer network has no dedicated server.
- Special permissions are assigned to each computer for sharing the
resources, but this can lead to a problem if the computer with the
resource is down.
Advantages
Of Peer-To-Peer Network:
- It is less costly as it does not contain any dedicated server.
- If one computer stops working but, other computers will not stop
working.
- It is easy to set up and maintain as each computer manages itself.
Disadvantages
Of Peer-To-Peer Network:
- In the case of Peer-To-Peer network, it does not contain the
centralized system . Therefore, it cannot back up the data as the data is
different in different locations.
- It has a security issue as the device is managed itself.
II.
Client/Server Network
- Client/Server network is a network model designed for the end users
called clients, to access the resources such as songs, video, etc. from a
central computer known as Server.
- The central controller is known as a server while all other
computers in the network are called clients.
- A server performs all the major operations such as security and
network management.
- A server is responsible for managing all the resources such as files,
directories, printer, etc.
- All the clients communicate with each other through a server. For
example, if client1 wants to send some data to client 2, then it first
sends the request to the server for the permission. The server sends the
response to the client 1 to initiate its communication with the client 2.
Advantages
Of Client/Server network:
- A Client/Server network contains the centralized system. Therefore
we can back up the data easily.
- A Client/Server network has a dedicated server that improves the
overall performance of the whole system.
- Security is better in Client/Server network as a single server
administers the shared resources.
- It also increases the speed of the sharing resources.
Disadvantages
Of Client/Server network:
- Client/Server network is expensive as it requires the server with
large memory.
- A server has a Network Operating System (NOS) to provide the
resources to the clients, but the cost of NOS is very high.
- It requires a dedicated network administrator to manage all the resources.
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